New research, led by University of Southampton biological scientist Dr Hannah Siddle, is aiming to develop an effective vaccine against an infectious cancer that is eradicating the Tasmanian devil, the world’s largest remaining marsupial carnivore.
Devil Facial Tumour Disease (DFTD) is a rare contagious facial tumour, which emerged from a neural (Schwann) cell in a single Tasmanian devil more than 18 years ago. The tumour cells pass between individuals during biting behaviour, according a study published in September 2012, and tumours form predominantly around the face and neck, grow rapidly and cause close to 100 per cent mortality. What began with one individual has now spread rapidly throughout the population of devils in Tasmania, killing almost all the animals and threatening survival of the species in the wild.
Thanks to £183,759 funding from the Leverhulme Trust to the University, Dr Siddle will lead a three-year research project to understand how the disease moves between the animals and then use this information to design a vaccine against the tumour. The research will also enhance understanding of how cancers avoid the immune system, which could have implications for cancer treatment in humans.
Dr Siddle says: “This contagious cancer is very unusual in that the cancer cells can move between animals. We are looking for the proteins that make the tumour cells different to the host devils that they infect and then use these ‘tumour specific’ proteins to design a vaccine that will save the devil from extinction.”
“We have an opportunity to develop an effective vaccine against a disease that is rapidly destroying a unique and important species. The Tasmanian devil is the top carnivore in Tasmania and its loss would be a disastrous outcome for the ecosystem. It has proven impossible to prevent the spread of DFTD and only a successful vaccine will allow captive, immunised animals to be released into the wild, eventually eradicating the disease.”
The captive Tasmanian devil population that is regarded as an insurance population, is growing and can be found in zoos and wildlife institutions around Australia, even in Copenhagen, Denmark.
The grant will finance further study of the disease at molecular level as well. Dr Siddle will collaborate with an interdisciplinary team of experts from the University of Southampton, Monash University in Melbourne, Australia and from the University of Tasmania in Hobart, Australia.
(Source: University of Southampton press release, 21.07.2015)
